![]() Our data suggest a transition from a labelled line organisation in the periphery to one in which olfactory information is mapped onto many different higher order populations with distinct behavioural significance. ![]() However we also observe a massive divergence as geosmin-responsive second order olfactory neurons connect with a diverse array of ∼75 cell types. We find multiple levels of valence-specific convergence, including a novel form of axo-axonic input onto second order neurons conveying another danger signal, the pheromone of parasitoid wasps. Connectomics data place these neurons in the context of a complete synaptic circuit from sensory input to descending output. Using this system, we now identify third order olfactory neurons that are essential for an innate aversive behaviour. For example, female Drosophila avoid laying eggs in the presence of geosmin, an odorant produced by toxic moulds. ![]() ![]() Evolution has tuned the nervous system of most animals to produce stereotyped behavioural responses to ethologically relevant stimuli. ![]()
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